Nation’s Advantages of Affirmative Actions Essay Example for Free

Nation’s Advantages of Affirmative Actions Essay Consistent with the exact characterization of affirmative action, the truth is that affirmative action programs have improved the gender, ethnic, and racial diversity of many workplace, educational, etc. settings in the United States. This diversity helped enhance the lives of every American in several ways, including better health, improved learning, and more secured communities. Affirmative action benefited the higher education since social and intellectual development of both minority and non-minority students are improved in ethnically and racially diverse educational settings (American Psychological Association, 1999, p. 1). One outcome, for instance, is the increase in the numbers of students belonging to ethnic minorities who grow to be student peers of majority students. The Nation’s Health, on the other hand, also benefited from affirmative action in the sense that much can be medically learned from the racial and ethnic groups that will consequently result to the benefit of every Americans. For instance, despite the fact that ethnic minority Americans usually experience poorer physical condition than non-minorities, yet in several cases and even in the face of extreme poverty rates and other risks to health, these groups experience lesser levels health problems, particularly chronic disease, which can be the basis for several medical research (American Psychological Association, 1999, p. 1). The Need of Persistent Implementation of Affirmative Action Decades ago, an African-American mother was three times as expected to die of complications in the course of childbirth as white mother, and at present she is over three times as expected to die in the course of her childbirth (Richey, 2003). The mortality rate for blacks was twice that for whites, and at present it is a little over twice as whites (Richey, 2003). From 1978 to present, four times as many African-American families survived with incomes lower than the poverty line than white families. For black teens, the unemployment rate is thrice that of whites, and for black adults it is twice as whites. Unfortunately at present, every statistics relatively remained unchanged. In 1978, African-American corresponded to 11. 5 percent of the United States’ population, but they were only 1. 2 percent of the judges and lawyers, 2. 3 percent of the dentists, 2 percent of the physicians, 2. 6 percent of university and college professors, and 1. 1 percent of the engineers (Richey, 2003). At present, blacks correspond to roughly 12. 3 percent of the country’s population, and are 5. 1 percent of the judges and lawyers, 4. 1 percent of dentists, 5. 6 percent of physicians, 6. 1 percent of university and college professors, and 5. 5 percent of engineers (Richey, 2003). Although such statistics proved that affirmative action has helped to strengthen the black professionals’ ranks, yet African-American in general has been left behind. Notwithstanding all the discussions of the establishment of a black middle class, the position of the black community to white American has relatively remained the same. As such, affirmative action must be continually asserted to put in place mandatory and voluntary efforts by local, state, and federal governments, schools, and private employers to combat inequalities and encourage fair hiring and promotions of qualified individuals. Reverse Discrimination Stimulated by annoyed white men, a reaction against affirmative action started to accumulate. To conservatives, the system opened the door for education, promotions, or employments to minorities and at the same time, closed the door on whites. Conservatives resented the thought that a number of incompetent minorities were receiving blanket advantages on the American system (Brunner, 2007). Quotas and preferential treatment turned into contempt expressions. Even more controversial was the allegation that a number of minorities benefited from playing the part of professional victim. By the late 70s, deficiencies in the policy started to show up in the course of its excellent objectives. In 1978, reverse discrimination became a concern, exemplified by the celebrated Bakke case (Brunner, 2007). Because of a certain medical school’s separate admissions policy for minorities and reservation of 18 out of 100 places for minority students, the school had been rejecting Allan Bakke, a white male, for two years in a row and in its place had accepted less competent minority applicants. Because of unjust discrimination against a white applicant, the Supreme Court banned affirmative action programs’ rigid quota systems. However, in the same ruling, the Court sustained affirmative action’s legality per se. The dispute concerning affirmative action has as well grown more difficult and murky as the public has come to realize its complexity. Several liberals, for instance, can appreciate the prejudice of affirmative action given that white employees with seniority were laid off, whereas black workers often retained their jobs. Many conservatives, on the other hand, were pushed to get a hold of a better option to the imposition of a stringent quota system.

American Indian Studies :: Free Essay Writer

American Indian Studies AIS Why do Indian college students have high dropout rates? Why do Indian college students have hard times in college, and university atmospheres? Why do Indian college students have difficult times when it comes to making good grades? Maybe it’s because they have no role models in the home. Maybe they can’t relate to individuals with different cultures and backgrounds? Perhaps it is something simple as having poor study habits. The answers could Possibly be that Indian college students are just uncomfortable in a college environment, and don’t have an Indian studies program to go to, as in Reyhner’s essay. Whatever the reason may be Indian college students are scarce within the college scene, just as Indian people are in the United States of America. Native American Studies departments, according to Jon Reyhner, â€Å"are critical to providing a positive university environment for Native students†¦(NAS) help keep Indian students in school by providing them with a university home†(Reyhner 106). I don’t believe that American Indian Studies programs will keep Indian students in college. I believe, the desire of wanting to achieve and excel in academics for what it has to offer, will keep Indian college students in college. I believe that Jon Reyhner gives excellent points in defining the reasons for Indian students dropping out of college, but I have to disagree about his ideals on keeping them in. It seems Reyhner feels that Indian Studies Programs will give Indian students a place to show their truest identity, in turn giving them enough comfort to strive through and finish a college degree. Native college and university students, just as any other student in higher education, have distinct backgrounds and dif ferent ways of thinking. Although many Indian people come from similar histories of assimilation, cultural disappearance, slaughter, and sacrifice, the adaptability of an Indian person within college depends upon their perspective, attitude, and envolvment, in such environments. I wish American Indian Studies departments in colleges and universities could keep Indian Students from quitting, but the reality of the matter is that Indian people have little to relate to in the college world. Colleges and Universities, in a way, are businesses selling financial stable futures. There are many futures to buy, some a little more expensive than others, but in all, with a college degree, individuals have the chance and opportunity to achieve certain success.

Red Bull Marketing Strategy Essay

Business Unit 3 Marketing Of ‘Red bull’ Introduction As part of my marketing assignment, I will be looking at the marketing of a consumer product or service. Therefore, my chosen product is ‘Red bull’, which is an energy drink. I have assumed that my product is targeted at people that have similar situations to the ones used in advertisements for red bull. I will be looking to spot if the strategy used is based on the principles of marketing: O Understanding consumer wants: to become successful, it is vital for a business to understand the wants and needs of its target audience. For example the needs and wants of a target audience for a high street retail store depend upon the age, style and income of its customers. O Understanding and keeping ahead of competition: businesses must consider their competitive markets as well as the products and prices provided by their competition in order to gain customers and provide a better standard of services and goods than other companies. This can be done through devising strong, different marketing strategies and by selling a product that is unique and efficient. O Communicate effectively with its customers to satisfy customer expectations: communication with customers is vital for a business to understand the wants and needs of their customers. A good relationship must be continuously created between a business and its customers to maximise its success. O Co-ordinate its functions to achieve marketing aims: co-ordination of functions is key to efficiency and therefore success. To maximise the success of a business, all of its marketing aims should be met. O Be aware of constraints on marketing activities. I will be also looking at the external impact on the marketing decisions, how the appropriate strategy is decided upon and how they are developed in order to meet consumer needs and the reliability of the different marketing models. â€Å"Red bull comes in two types, original and sugar free. This can be purchased at ? 1. 15 for 150ml† Features of Business Marketing†¦ O Consumers are of vital importance. Red bull has a far greater chance of being a success if it satisfies consumers’ needs. Marketing must be aimed at finding out what these needs are and making sure that Red bull meets it requirements. O Marketing is a business philosophy; it is not just a series of activities such as advertising or selling, but more a way of thinking about how to satisfy the consumers’ needs. O Marketing affects all aspects of a business. A production department would not continue making a product that does not satisfy the needs of the consumer at whom it is aimed. O Marketing is not just about selling. Selling is only one part of the marketing process. Before selling Red bull, they must carry out market research. O Marketing and advertising are not the same; advertising is just one of a number of tactics used by marketing departments. O Many businesses regard profit making as their main objective. Firms in competitive markets must make a profit in the long run to survive. Marketing must therefore satisfy their customers wants profitably. O Marketing involves building relationships with the customers of Red bull; profitable businesses are often built upon good customer relations. This may be dealing with their complaints in a careful and considerate manner. O Marketing is a process that is on going all the time, it does not have a start or an end as you can see below. Red bull must be prepared to respond to the changes that take place. The marketing process†¦ Red Bull – Gathering Market Information†¦ AO1 My reason for choosing Red Bull is because the drink has become incredibly successful at a very competitive advice. By choosing Red Bull I will find out what marketing strategies has made Red Bull so successful. What is Red Bull? Red Bull started off as an energy drink that stimulates mind and body. After becoming an international icon, Red Bull went on to sponsor extreme sports such as F1, sailing, surfing, bmx-ing, and many other extreme sports. Red Bull is a non-alcoholic drink with key ingredients, which have a proven revitalising effect on mind and body. Red Bull is a functional energy drink and therefore unjustly classified among the soft drinks. The Red Bull effect results from a combination of two natural substances and vital metabolic transmitters – the amino acids taurine and glucuronolactone – with stimulating caffeine, vitamins and carbohydrates. The effectiveness of Red Bull has been proven by a large number of scientific studies. Its function is not to quench thirst, but to improve endurance and alertness, to increase feelings of well being, to support the metabolism in short: to stimulate body and mind. The History In 1982, Dietrich Mateschitz came up with the idea of marketing energy Drinks, which were then already quite widespread in Southeast Asia while sitting in the bar at the Mandarin Hotel in Hong Kong. In 1984, Mateschitz founded the company known as Red Bull. In 1987, he started selling the energy drink Red Bull on the Austrian market. Red Bull got off the ground in no time, giving people ‘wiiings’ right from the start. In 1992, Red Bull touched down in its first foreign market, Hungary and in 1995 it was launched in the UK, which is now one of its largest markets.

Learn About Causative Verbs

In English grammar, a causative verb  is a verb  used to indicate that some person or thing makes—or helps to make—something happen. Examples of causative verbs  include (make, cause, allow, help, have, enable, keep, hold, let, force, and require), which can also be referred to as causal verbs or simply causatives. A causative verb, which can be in any tense, is generally followed by an object and another verb form—often an infinitive or a  participle—and are used to describe something that happens because of a person, place, or thing whose actions bring about change in another entity. Interestingly enough, the word cause isnt the prototypical causative verb in English because cause has a much more specific and less frequently used definition than make, which is used most frequently to indicate someone making something happen. Allows vs. Lets English grammar is full of small rules that help speakers understand the vast  subtleties of correct usage and style. Such is the case with the rules pertaining to the causative verbs allows and lets, wherein both convey the same meaning—a person permits another to do something—but require different noun-verb form pairings to follow them. The word allows is almost always followed by an object, which in turn is followed by the infinitive form of the verb allows is modifying. Such is the case in the sentence Corey allows his friends to chat with him, wherein allows is the causative verb, his friends the object of the phrase, and to chat the infinitive form of what Corey is allowing his friends to do. On the other hand, the causative verb lets is almost always followed by an object and then the base form of the verb thats being modified. Such is the case in the sentence Corey lets his friends chat with him, wherein lets is the causative verb, his friends the object of the phrase, and chat the base form of the verb Corey lets his friends do. The Most Popular Causative Verb One would think that cause would be the most frequently used and typical example of causative verbs, but thats simply not the case. Ugandan-born British linguist Francis Katamba explains in Morphology that the word cause is a causative verb, but it has a more specialized meaning (implying direct causation) than make, and it is much less common.   Instead, make is the most common causative verb, which also differs from other causative verbs in that it omits the word to from complementary verb clauses that follow while in the active form (make), but does require the word to while in the passive form of made. For example, Jill makes me run daily, and I was made to run daily by Jill. In both senses, the causative verb make still implies that someone causes the subject to run, but English grammar dictates that the accompanying verb phrase for make differs for that of made. Rules like these abound in usage and style, and its important for English as an alternative language (EAL) students to commit these types of guidelines to memory—as they dont often appear in other forms. Source Katamba, Francis. Morphology. Palgrave Macmillan, 1993.

The Different Forms Of Government, Friendship, Trust, And...

Within Aquinas’ political writings, he shows us the six different forms of government and the reason why some are better than others. Government was created not just for organization but so people can come together to form a community. A community works best when the governing only want well-being for the governed. Aquinas not only compares the different forms of government by showing their benefits and drawbacks, but also argues about the supremacy of a monarchy, and how it’s the best form of government. The purpose of government is to look out for the well being of the community so that it can keep all the basic values of human nature like religion, friendship, trust, and prosperity. Aquinas states that government is to serve the people while taking into account peace and unity because â€Å"the good and wellbeing of a community united in fellowship lies in the preservation of its unity† (p 10). He explains that without fellowship there can be no unity and that we can find fellowship through trust and well-being. Peace gives community a sense of harmony through nonviolence and the freedom from war. We find that government can be broken down into six different regimes, each having a different way of ruling and a different objective. Each are different in ways yet some worse than others. Aquinas describes each regime with a certain sense of reality and gives us an idea of what the rulers are like within each government. There are six forms of government; all compose ofShow MoreRelatedComparison Of Obama s And Xi s Speeches1867 Words   |  8 Pageson October, 2011. In both speeches, Xi and Clinton identified China and U.S.’s main goals and conditions to build mutual trust and understanding, and intention to seek a common ground and form partnerships that both nations and the world can benefit from. While Xi’s speech took a more optimistic view and focused more on the results of a cooperative relationship based on trust and understanding, whereas Clinton’s speech mostly is about sustaining the U.S.’s leadership, interests, values. In her speechRead MoreThe Rights Of The United States Of America2369 Words   |  10 PagesWhen a government that is created for the people, violates the rights of the people, its value will diminish and the core principles that uphold the State will decay leading to the downfall of the State. This is precisely the reason why I choose to affirm this resolution. Mass surveillance is a direct violation of the basic rights the United States of America was built upon. The core values, principles, beliefs, and morals that make the United States a democracy will be directly dismissed if massRead MoreBgs Models1880 Words   |  8 PagesBusiness, Government Society Models Interactions among business, government, and society are infinite and their meaning is open to interpretation. Faced with this complexity, many people use simple mental models to impose order and meaning on what they observe. These models are like prisms, each having a different refractive quality, each giving the holder a different view of the world. Depending on the model (or prism) used, a person will think differently about the scope of business power in societyRead MoreEmployment Relations Theories2860 Words   |  12 Pagesdiverse management styles as the time has passed by which reflect the environment in which work is carried out. In this paper I will be analysing classical and modern theories of employee relationship and various management styles and discussing the different factors that have brought about changes in these theories and styles of management. Before industrialization, industries and companies had an environment in which the employees were basically ruled on by the employers, submitting themselves toRead MoreA New Election Of A Citizen9461 Words   |  38 PagesThe period for a new election of a citizen to administer the Executive Government of the United States being not far distant, and the time actually arrived when your thoughts must be employed in designating the person who is to be clothed with that important trust, it appears to me proper, especially as it may conduce to a more distinct expression of the public voice, that I should now apprise you of the resolution I have formed to decline being considered among the number of those out of whom aRead MoreIndian Social Structure and Values Ethics in Business13564 Words   |  55 Pagesindividuals and groups, (iii) absence of strong, complex, formal organizations, (iv) communitarian basis on land holding, (v) segmentary character, (vi) little value for surplus accu mulation. (vii) lack of distinction between form and substance of religion, (viii) a different Socio-psychological make-up for enjoying life. The present popular meaning of a tribe in India is a category of people, included in the list of the scheduled tribes : Tribal populations are poor, are relatively isolated andRead MorePolitical Theory: Comparing Locke, Rousseau and Plato Essay3770 Words   |  16 Pageshobbes: everyone has the right over everything, there exist no private property - Liberty to do as he will, but not harm others Purpose of government: - to secure the natural rights of property rights and liberty - we need law enforcers (soverign), we give power to one person and in doing so this creates a government Private Property: - one established once you mix your labor with good - most important because we must create a state because of theRead More Market Research Essay2903 Words   |  12 Pagesbusiness and management in most countries in the region. However, the attention is directed to the different perspective on the importance of guanxi to business practices and possible impacts of the guanxi on western firms’ success in China. In order for western firms to enter China market, they have to confront with complex and constantly changing ethical percepts in China (Wu, 1999) and different types of guanxi not only exist but also can be harnessed in an ethical fashion to create wealth (LeungRead MoreThe Reasons for and Solutions to the Bribery Issues Among Chinese Companies4267 Words   |  18 Pagesof dollars of bribery money, this Chinese communist leader got the punishment of spending the rest of his life in prison, and also brought influential stress and trust problem in China (The Economist, 2013). This incidence also have drawn international’s attention, with such negative reputation a question mark has been put on China’s trust worship, consequently is also weakening of China’s international position and power. Corruption has always been a worldwide focus, with bribery one of the leadingRead More American Hegemony in the Twenty-First Century: Consensus and Legitimacy6594 Words   |à ‚  27 Pagesthere is some interest to be found, one way or another, in the continuation of the way things are. If the United States does not give them a reason to change their minds and simultaneously does not give its own citizens a reason to doubt their government by good policies, then American hegemony may be more durable. In the longer term, the United States’ primacy may even be more lasting than its straightforward military power. In that case, the United States does control its own destiny. American

The Road to Civil War Essays - 1622 Words

The battle between armies did not begin until 1861, however the conflict within the Country began at its founding. When Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence which included â€Å"all men are created equal; and they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† he unintentionally yielded abolitionists stimulation in contradicting the institution of slavery. Despite the controversy slavery faced at the Constitutional Convention, the inclusion of the fugitive slave law, the extension of the African slave trade and the three-fifths clause were added with compromise, in anticipation of founding a Constitution and securing the Union, however it would†¦show more content†¦( Madisons Journal) The delegates were dedicated to forming the constitution and would make whatever â€Å"compromises seemed necessary†. (Oakes 220) In the end the convention came to a compromise tha t would ultimately lead to a Nation divided. One of those compromises was the fugitive slave clause. It required states to return runaway slaves. (Oakes 220) This clause gave constitutional protection to the slaveholder; no matter what state or territory the slave could escape to, he was still a slave and could not be freed, and the emancipation laws of that territory were â€Å"null and void†. ( Bestor 14) The early fugitive slave clause was highly ignored and rarely enforced which irritated the Southerners. As part of the Compromise of 1850 a new fugitive slave law would be enacted. ( Dry) This law was created in attempt to settle disputes over the previous constitutional clause, instead it would cause much discord between the North and South. ( Oakes 420) Tense arguments were started in respect to what slaves should be considered, people or property. The south believed they should be treated as property and not given a trial or defense since they lacked the â€Å"natural liberties†, however, the abolitionist a rgued that a free black person could be picked up in the north by a southern plantation owner claiming to be his master and that free black person could be taken from free soil into slave territory without a fair trial or any evidence from theShow MoreRelatedThe Road To Civil War Essay1602 Words   |  7 PagesPart 1:The Road to Civil War Election 2012: The Democrats run William Pilmore, a man who claims to be ‘all things to all men.’ (And it must be hell in there.:D ) This is generally regarded as a suicide run – the ongoing war on terror makes anyone promoting peace to be regarded as an idiot. AQ makes matters worse by attacking several targets within Democratic regions; the terror group has fragmented and regrouped. While the attacks are minor, the effect is not. The Democrats get soundly spanked.Read MoreEssay about The Road to the American Civil War1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe majority of speculations regarding the causes of the American Civil War are in some relation to slavery. While slavery was a factor in the disagreements that led to the Civil War, it was not the solitary or primary cause. There were three other, larger causes that contributed more directly to the beginning of the secession of the southern states and, eventually, the start of the war. Those three causes included economi c and social divergence amongst the North and South, state versus nationalRead MoreCitizen Tom Paine And Freedom Road Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesof the novels Citizen Tom Paine (1943) and Freedom Road (1944). Citizen Tom Paine by Howard Fast depicts the conditions during The American Revolutionary War and its after math (1765-83). Freedom Road depicts the conditions of the former African slaves after The Civil War (1861-65) Thomas Paine is a political philosopher and thinker who has strived for the liberation of the Americans and African slaves since the time of American Revolutionary War. He is named as Tom Paine and is the protagonistRead MoreThe War Of 1812 And The Civil War959 Words   |  4 PagesThe Antebellum period is known as the period before the Civil War. However, it is described as the periods between the War of 1812 and the Civil War. The word e â€Å"antebellum,† means before the war, and â€Å"reform,† means the improvement of what is wrong. The Antebellum period made transportation more efficient for people who traveled. The Transportation Revolution provided several new, reliable, safe and cost-effective ways to travel to different parts of the nation, including new land in the west. TheRead MoreInvestigating The Battle Of Shiloh1105 Words   |  5 Pages This battle was the bloodiest civil war battle to date and occurred between the Union and Confederate armies. Hav ing analyzed the battle from multiple sources, I have discovered a number of operational, tactical, and logistical mistakes that contributed to the Confederate losses suffered. My sources include documentaries, historical videos, books, and articles from historians and civil war experts who have spent their lives studying and dissecting the civil war, its battles, commanders, and tacticsRead More The Battle of Pea Ridge and its Impact on the Civil War Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe Battle of Pea Ridge and its Impact on the Civil War The Civil War was a major point in American History. It has influenced everyone in America in many ways. The War was conducted in two main areas of the United States. These two parts were in the area east of the Mississippi River and in the area west of the Mississippi River. The control of both of these fronts was vital for victory by either the Union or the Confederacy. On March 8, 1862, a small skirmish at Pea Ridge, Arkansas led toRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The Civil Rights Movement1167 Words   |  5 Pages Araminta Ross, or more commonly known as Harriet Tubman, was a powerful figure in the Civil Rights movement. Having already escaped from slavery, Araminta made ninteen trips to free other slaves. She helped free hundreds of slaves, even her own parents. She never lost a slave or was caught by government officals looking to capture her. Tubman always stood up for what was right, even if it meant taking someone else’s punishment. Araminta, one of nine children born to Harriet â€Å"Rit† Green and BenRead MoreModern Technology For The Civilian Use1380 Words   |  6 PagesLike it is in any war, there is often the competition for making sure that either sides comes up with better and more effective ways of defeating the opponent. This often leads to new inventions of doing different things so as to increase the efficiency with which they are able to perform different functions. The civil war was no different as it leads to different inventions that were aimed at making either side to be able to win the war. These innovations lasted long after the war and their effectsRead MoreThe Civil War Was A Devastating Time For The United States Of America883 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War was a devastating time for the United States of America. During this time the United States was divided. The Civil War was a four year long battle. It is known as one of the bloodiest battles ever fought. Consequently it was fought between people of the same country. We were divided between the North and the South. The cause of the Civil War was slavery. The North was against it and wanted slavery abolished. On the other hand the South did not want to part with slavery. Both the NorthRead MoreThe Civil War Outcome - Why the North Won1664 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War Outcome - Why The North Won Question: Was the outcome of the Civil War determined by the nature of Northern and Southern societies or by what occurred on the battlefield? Reason For The Northern Victory The available resources of The North and South determined the outcome of The Civil War. The North’s superior industry and manpower paved the way for modernization and the ultimate victory. The South was destined for defeat due to insufficient resources to compete with the

Consequences of Winding Up free essay sample

The liquidator has no power to carry on business with a view to resuscitating the company or making profits. The liquidator shall carry on the business of the company principally to enable the business to be sold off as a going concern. 2. A transfer of shares may be carried out only with the sanction of the liquidator. In effect, the membership of the company is frozen once winding up commences. 3. The directors and certain other officers of the company are under a duty to assist and cooperate with the liquidator. 4 4. Where the company has either bought property from or sold property to a person who was at the time of the transaction a director of the company for cash consideration and the transaction occurred within 2 years before the commencement of the winding up, the company may recover any amount by which the property was overvalued or undervalued. 5. Where the company has gone into liquidation within 6 months of the creation of a floating charge, that charge is void except to cover the amount of cash advanced to the company at the time of creation or subsequently, together with interest at 5% per annum. We will write a custom essay sample on Consequences of Winding Up or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The liquidator(s) appointed upon the winding up of the company to manage the affairs of the company for the purpose of the liquidation shall: 1. investigate the affairs and assets of the company as well as the conduct of its directors and other related persons; 2. recover and realise the company’s assets at the best possible price and in a manner that is to the best advantage to the company; and 3. adjudicate the claims of all creditors and to ensure an equitable distribution of the company’s assets. Distribution of Assets The company’s property is to be applied in satisfaction of its liabilities upon winding up, and the surplus distributed among the members according to their rights and interests in the company. Secured creditors need not prove for their debts but can realise their security and obtain full satisfaction. Once the secured creditors have been paid out of the assets that comprise their securities, the remainder of the assets, if any, will be distributed among the preferred creditors. The order of priority is as follows : . Costs and expenses of the winding up. 2. Wages and salaries of the employees of the company. 3. Retrenchment benefit or ex-gratia payment (if any) due to the employees of the company. 4. Compensation for injuries suffered in the course of employment under the Workmen’s Compensation Act (Cap 354). 5. Provident fund contributions payable in the â€Å"12 months next before, on or after the commencement of the winding up† under any written law or under any approved scheme of superannuation or retirement benefits. . Remuneration payable in respect of vacation leave accrued before or after the commencement of the winding up. 7. All taxes assessed before the commencement of the winding up or before the time fixed for the proving of debts has expired. Any residue remaining after payment of the creditors is divisible among the members in accordance with the company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association.